Iyo kodhi yekuomarara kwesimbi ndeye H. Maererano neakasiyana ekuomarara nzira dzekuyedza, iyo yakajairwa inomiririra inosanganisira Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS) kuomarara, nezvimwewo, pakati peiyo HB uye HRC ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. HB ine huwandu hwakakura hwemashandisirwo, uye HRC inokodzera zvinhu zvine kuomarara kwepamusoro, sekuomarara kwekupisa. Musiyano ndewekuti indenter yekuomarara tester yakasiyana. Brinell hardness tester ibhora indenter, ukuwo Rockwell hardness tester iri diamond indenter.
HV-yakakodzera kuongororwa kwemicroscope. Vickers hardness (HV) Dzvanya pamusoro pezvinhu zvine mutoro usingasviki 120kg uye diamond sikweya koni indenter ine vertex angle ye136°. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yegomba rekupinza zvinhu rakakamurwa nekukosha kwemutoro, iyo Vickers kuomarara kukosha (HV). Kuomarara kweVickers kunoratidzwa seHV (tarisa GB/T4340-1999), uye inoyera masampula akatetepa zvakanyanya.
HL inotakurika kuomarara tester yakanakira kuyerwa. Inoshandisa iyo inokanganisa bhora musoro kubata iyo yakaoma pamusoro uye kuburitsa bounce. Hukukutu hwacho hunoverengerwa nereshiyo yekumhanya kwepanch pa1mm kubva pasample surface kusvika pakukanganisa. Chimiro chacho ndeichi: Leeb kuoma HL = 1000 × VB (rebound speed)/VA (impact speed).
Inotakurika Leeb kuomarara tester inogona kushandurwa kuita Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Shore (HS) kuoma mushure mekuyerwa kwaLeeb (HL). Kana kuti shandisa Leeb musimboti kuyera zvakananga kukosha kwekuoma neBrinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS).
HB - Brinell kuoma:
Brinell kuomarara (HB) inowanzo shandiswa kana zvinhu zvacho zvakapfava, senge simbi dzisiri ferrous, simbi isati yagadziriswa kupisa kana mushure mekuvhara. Rockwell kuomarara (HRC) inowanzo shandiswa pazvinhu zvine kuomarara kwepamusoro, sekuoma mushure mekupisa kupisa, nezvimwe.
Brinell kuomarara (HB) chiyero chekuyedza cheimwe saizi. Bhora resimbi rakaomarara kana bhora recarbide reimwe dhayamita rinotsikirirwa mukati mesimbi kuti riedzwe. Muyedzo wemutoro unochengetwa kwenguva yakatarwa, uye ipapo mutoro unobviswa kuyera dhayamita ye indentation pamusoro pepamusoro kuti iedzwe. Iyo Brinell kuomarara kukosha ndiyo quotient inowanikwa nekupatsanura mutoro nenzvimbo yakatenderedzwa yenzvimbo yeiyo indentation. Kazhinji, bhora rakaomeswa resimbi yeimwe saizi (kazhinji 10mm mudhayamita) inotsikirirwa mukati mechinhu chepamusoro neimwe mutoro (kazhinji 3000kg) uye inochengetwa kwenguva yakati. Mushure mokunge mutoro wacho wabviswa, chiyero chemutoro kune nzvimbo yekudzivirira ndiyo Brinell hardness value (HB), uye chikwata ikirogiramu simba / mm2 (N / mm2).
Rockwell kuomarara inosarudza kuomarara kukosha index kwakavakirwa papurasitiki deformation kudzika kweiyo indentation. 0.002 mm inoshandiswa sechikamu chekuoma. Kana HB>450 kana sampuli iri diki zvakanyanya, Brinell kuomarara bvunzo haigone kushandiswa uye Rockwell kuyerwa kwekuomarara ndiko kushandiswa pachinzvimbo. Inoshandisa koni yedhaimondi ine vertex angle ye120 ° kana bhora resimbi rine dhayamita ye1.59 kana 3.18mm kudzvanya pamusoro pechinhu chiri pasi pekuyedzwa pasi pemumwe mutoro, uye kuoma kwezvinhu kunoverengerwa kubva pakadzika. ye indentation. Zvinoenderana nekuoma kwezvinhu zvekuyedzwa, zvinoratidzwa mumakero matatu akasiyana:
HRA: Ndiko kuoma kunowanikwa nekushandisa 60kg mutoro uye diamond cone indenter, iyo inoshandiswa kune zvinhu zvine kuoma kwakanyanya (senge simende carbide, nezvimwewo).
HRB: Ndiko kuomarara kunowanikwa nekushandisa 100kg mutoro uye simbi yakaomeswa bhora ine dhayamita ye1.58mm, iyo inoshandiswa kune zvinhu zvine yakaderera kuomarara (senge annealed iron, cast iron, etc.).
HRC: Ndiko kuoma kunowanikwa nekushandisa 150kg mutoro uye diamond cone indenter, iyo inoshandiswa kune zvinhu zvine kuoma kwakanyanya (senge simbi yakaoma, nezvimwewo).
Pamusoro pe:
1.HRC zvinoreva Rockwell kuomarara C chiyero.
2.HRC neHB inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa.
3.HRC inoshanda huwandu HRC 20-67, yakaenzana neHB225-650,
Kana kuomarara kwacho kwakakwira kupfuura chiyero ichi, shandisa Rockwell kuomarara A chiyero HRA,
Kana iyo kuomarara kwakadzikira pane iyi renji, shandisa Rockwell kuomarara B chiyero HRB,
Muganho wepamusoro weBrinell kuomarara iHB650, iyo isingakwanise kuva yakakwirira kudarika kukosha uku.
4.Indenter yeRockwell hardness tester C scale is diamond cone ine vertex angle ye120 degrees. Kuyedzwa mutoro kune imwe kukosha. Chiyero cheChinese ndeye 150 kgf. Iyo indenter yeBrinell hardness tester ibhora resimbi rakaomarara (HBS) kana bhora recarbide (HBW). Muyedzo wemuyedzo unosiyana nehupamhi hwebhora, kubva pa3000 kusvika 31.25 kgf.
5.Rockwell kuomarara indentation idiki kwazvo, uye kuyerwa kukosha kunoiswa munzvimbo. Izvo zvinodiwa kuyera mapoinzi akati wandei kuti uwane avhareji kukosha. Inokodzera zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa uye zvimedu zvitete uye inorongedzerwa seyeyedzo isiri yekuparadza. Iyo Brinell kuomarara indentation yakakura, iyo yakayerwa kukosha ndeyechokwadi, haina kukodzera kune zvakapedzwa zvigadzirwa uye zvimedu zvitete, uye kazhinji haina kurongeka seyedzo isingaparadze.
6. Kuomarara kukosha kweRockwell kuomarara inhamba isina kutaurwa isina mayunitsi. (Saka, hazvina kunaka kudaidza Rockwell kuomarara seimwe dhigirii.) Kuomarara kukosha kweBrinell kuomarara kune mayunitsi uye ine humwe hukama hwepedyo nesimba rekusimba.
7. Rockwell kuoma kunoratidzwa zvakananga pane dial kana digitally kuratidzwa. Zviri nyore kushanda, nekukurumidza uye intuitive, uye yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Kuomarara kweBrinell kunoda maikorosikopu kuyera dhayamita yekupinza, uye wotarisa kumusoro kwetafura kana kuverenga, izvo zvinonyanya kunetsa kushanda.
8. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, HB neHRC zvinogona kuchinjwa nekutarisa kumusoro kwetafura. Iyo yekuverengera yepfungwa formula inogona kunyorwa se: 1HRC≈1/10HB.
Kuomarara bvunzo inzira yakapusa uye iri nyore yekuyedza mune mechaniki pfuma bvunzo. Kuti ushandise kuomarara bvunzo kutsiva mamwe emakanika ezvivakwa bvunzo, hukama hwakanyanya hwekushandura pakati pekuoma uye simba hunodiwa mukugadzira.
Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti pane hukama hunoda kufanana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzekuoma kwezvinhu zvesimbi uye pakati pekuoma kukosha uye kukosha kwesimba. Nekuti kuomarara kukosha kunotemerwa neyekutanga epurasitiki deformation kuramba uye kuenderera mberi kwepurasitiki deformation kuramba, kukwira kwesimba rechinhu, kukwira kwepurasitiki deformation kuramba, uye kukwirisa kukosha kwekuoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-16-2024
