Nzira Yekuyedza Nemichina Yekuyera Shangu Dzesimbi Dzebhureki Dzinoshandiswa MuRolling Stock (Kusarudzwa Kweshangu Dzebhureki Dzekuomesa Kuoma)

Kusarudzwa kwemichina yekuongorora michina yebhutsu dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi kunofanirwa kutevedzera mwero we: ICS 45.060.20. Mutemo uyu unotaura kuti kuyedzwa kwemidziyo yemuchina kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri:

1.Kuedza Kusimba

Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neISO 6892-1:2019. Hukuru hwezvinhu zvinodhonzwa uye kunaka kwekugadzirwa kwazvo zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa neISO 185:2005.

2. Nzira yekuedza kuomarara

Inofanira kushandiswa zvichienderana neISO 6506-1:2014. Zviyero zvekuomarara zvinofanira kuchekwa kubva pasi pebhawa rekuyera rakakandwa rakaparadzana; kana pasina bhawa rekuyera, shangu imwe chete yebhureki inofanira kutorwa, 6mm - 10mm inofanira kurongwa kubva padivi payo, uye kuomarara kunofanira kuyerwa pamatanho mana ekuyera, neavhareji kukosha kuri mhedzisiro yekuyedza.

Hwaro hweNzira yeKuedza Kuoma

ISO 6506-1:2014 standard “Metallic Materials – Brinell Hardness Test – Chikamu 1: Test Method” inotsanangura musimboti, zviratidzo netsananguro, michina yekuyedza, sampuli, maitiro ekuyedza, kusava nechokwadi kwemhedzisiro uye mushumo wekuyedza weBrinell hardness test yezvinhu zvesimbi.

2.1 Kusarudzwa kweMidziyo Yekuyedza: Brinell Hardness Tester (Inokurudzirwa Kutanga)

Zvakanakira: Nzvimbo yekupinza simbi yakakura, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kuomarara kwesimbi yakakandwa (simbi yakakandwa inogona kunge isina chimiro chakasiyana), uye mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza zvakawanda.

Yakakodzera simbi yakakandwa ine kuoma kwepakati nepasi (HB 80 - 450), iyo inofukidza zvakakwana kuoma kweshangu dzesimbi dzakakandwa.

Kushanda kwacho kuri nyore, uye zvinodiwa kuti chitarisiko chemufananidzo chipedzwe zvishoma (kazhinji Ra 1.6 - 6.3μm yakakwana).

2.2 Nheyo yeBrinell Hardness Test

Nheyo yacho inogona kupfupikiswa seinotevera: Bhora rakaoma resimbi (kana bhora resimbi rakadzimwa) rine dhayamita ye10mm rinodzvanywa pamusoro pemuenzaniso pasi pesimba rekuyedza (senge 3000kgf). Mushure mekuyera dhayamita yekudzika, kukosha kwekuomarara (HBW) kunoverengerwa kuratidza kugona kwechigadzirwa kuramba kushanduka kwepurasitiki. Kubatsira kwaro kukuru kuri mukumiririrwa kwakasimba kwemhedzisiro, izvo zvinogona kuratidza hunhu hwekuomarara kwechinhu chacho. Iyi inzira yekare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuyedzwa kwekushanda kwezvinhu zvesimbi.

2.3 Zviratidzo neTsananguro dzeKukosha kweBrinell Hardness

Tsanangudzo huru yeBrinell hardness value (HBW) ndeiyi: chiyero chesimba rekuyedza (F) kunzvimbo yekumusoro inodzika (A), neyuniti yeMPa (asi kazhinji yuniti haina mamaki, uye kukosha kwenhamba chete ndiko kunoshandiswa). Fomura yekuverenga ndeiyi inotevera:HBW=πD(D−D2−d2​)2×0.102×F
Kupi:

F isimba rekuyedza (chikamu: N);

D ndiyo dhayamita ye indenter (yuniti: mm);

d ndiyo avhareji yedhayamita ye indentation (yuniti: mm);

Coefficient "0.102″ chinhu chinoshandiswa kushandura test force unit kubva ku kgf kuenda ku N (kana ikaverengerwa zvakananga mu N, fomura inogona kurerutswa).

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mufomura yekuti pasi pesimba rekuyedza rakafanana uye dhayamita ye indenter, dhayamita ye indentation idiki, kugona kwechigadzirwa kuramba kushanduka kwepurasitiki kwakasimba, uye kukosha kwekuoma kweBrinell kwakakwira; zvakasiyana, kukosha kwekuoma kwakaderera.

Zvichienderana nehunhu hwebhutsu dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi (simbi yakakandwa yegrey), zviyero zveBrinell hardness test zvinowanzo kuve zvinotevera:

Simba rekuyedza (F): Kazhinji, 3000kgf (29.42kN) inoshandiswa, uye chiratidzo chekuomarara chinoenderana nacho ndi "HBW 10/3000".

Cherechedza: Kana sampuli yacho yakatetepa kana kuti zvinhu zvacho zvakapfava, simba rekuyedza rinogona kugadziriswa (senge 1500kgf kana 500kgf) zvichienderana neISO 6506-1:2014, asi izvi zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa mumushumo wekuyedza.